Open Authorization (OAuth) is an open standard protocol that enables secure, token-based access delegation. It allows users to grant applications or services limited access to their resources on another system, without sharing passwords or credentials. OAuth operates by issuing time-limited access tokens after a user has been authenticated by a trusted Identity Provider (IdP). The most widely used version today is OAuth 2.0, which is designed to support authorization (not authentication) across web applications, mobile apps, and APIs in distributed environments.
OAuth plays a critical role in modern identity architectures, enabling secure integration between services without requiring direct access to user credentials. Instead of an application storing passwords, OAuth delegates access through trusted identity platforms, improving security, scalability, and user privacy.
OAuth is the underlying mechanism behind many Single Sign-On (SSO) and federated identity solutions, allowing users to log into one system and securely access others. Access tokens are scoped and time-limited, ensuring access is restricted by resource type, user context, and duration; key to enforcing least privilege.
In critical infrastructure environments, OAuth is more commonly used in IT or cloud systems such as dashboards, telemetry, or analytics platforms, where third-party tools need limited, secure access to data. OAuth’s ability to minimize credential exposure and centralize access control aligns with Zero Trust Architecture and supports regulatory guidance around identity security and privilege management.
While Xona’s platform is not an OAuth provider itself, it is designed to be identity-agnostic and can integrate with identity providers that support OAuth, OpenID Connect (OIDC), or SAML. This allows organizations to authenticate users through OAuth-enabled IdPs and then enforce access controls at the Xona gateway.
Once a user is authenticated, Xona applies role- and time-based access controls, credential injection, and real-time session monitoring before any connection is made to critical OT or IT systems. In hybrid environments, where OAuth is used for cloud and SaaS access, Xona ensures that access to industrial control systems remains isolated, secure, and compliant with standards like NERC CIP and IEC 62443.
By supporting identity federation and policy enforcement across both OAuth and non-OAuth systems, Xona helps unify access governance across the entire infrastructure stack.